Midterm Essay Experiences Alter The Perception Of Time.

Midterm Essay: Experiences Alter the Perception of Time Imagine that there was a power outage throughout the night, causing your alarm clock to restart. Now you are late for work, which gets you in trouble with your boss. So now you are sitting at work anxiously waiting to clock out due to this terrible day. Thinking that it’s been hours since the last time you looked at the clock, but in reality only ten minutes have passed. As this common situation used personal perception that, altered the reality of physical time. This is a prime example why I believe that time is perceived only through the construction of events rather than the physical time used. Although physical time is commonly used; each individual has their own ability to†¦show more content†¦Then by organizing, the mind is able to produce a design or a pattern that is equal to the sensation, allowing recollection. Allowing the mind to interrupt the sensation as to how it would relate to you, or what it will mean to you when later retrieved (Chaffee; ch. 4). . As stated by Robin Le Poidevin in the article The Experience and Perception of Time: â€Å"It is certainly not associated with one particular sense. In fact, it seems odd to say that we see, hear or touch time passing. And indeed, even if all our senses were prevented from functioning for a while, we could still notice the passing of time through the changing pattern of our thought.† Le Poidevin mentions in the article about the perception of time passing being something that we cannot perceive based on our senses. Highlighting the fact that time is analyzed by the mind, and it’s thought processing abilities. Also revealing that no matter what happens in the physical senses, our mind will have the ability to perceive the time. Although it is the past perceived senses that make up each individuals thought process. This process of thought can be expressed as Mind-Independence. The term Mind-Independence is the minds ability to process familiar perceptible things, things that we admit as part of common sense ontology (Crane, â€Å"The Problem of Perception†). Allowing the mind to understand the past experiencesShow MoreRelatedHappiness Is Not The Top Of The Mountain Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pagesnot the top of the mountain as me and Sisyphus from Albert Camus’s philosophical essay initially assumed. Projecting happiness in the future prevents us from experiencing happiness of the present. We tend to waste time longing for the mountain while happiness hides in each corner. Nonetheless, there is one trouble with happiness: it is often invisible and needs to be seized. I believe that an appropriate perception can recognize covered happiness. Mind and thought play a more important role in creatingRead MoreIs Happiness Worth Pursuing? 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Christs Resurrection Essay - 923 Words

The Resurrection The bodily resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead is the greatest proof of Christianity. Everything else that was said or done by Christ and the apostles is secondary in importance to the resurrection. If the resurrection did not take place, then Christianity is a false religion built on lies. If it did take place, then Christ is God and the Christian faith is absolute truth. Without the resurrection, it is quite certain there would have been no Christian church. Did Christ actually rise from the dead, or has the Christian faith been led astray by some kind of hoax? Famous theologian C.S. Lewis notes, that in the earliest days of†¦show more content†¦(Hosea 6.2) â€Å"After two days He will revive us; on the third day He will raise us up, that we may live before Him.† And if Christ be not raised, then is our preaching vain, and your faith is also vain. And if Christ be not raised, your faith is vain; you are yet in your sins. (1 Corinthians 15:14, 17) King David had revelation of the resurrection and spoke of it saying, â€Å"because you will not abandon me to the realm of the dead, nor will you let your faithful one (Jesus) see decay.† (Psalm 16:10). There are many people that do not believe in the resurrection of Jesus Christ, which has led to the development of other theories. One theory of Jewish unbelievers was that Jesus never really arose (theft theory). Allegedly, the disciples stole His body, and then spread the lie of the Lords resurrection. Another theory developed by German scholar Paulus, is that Jesus did not really die, but had only passed out (the swoon theory). Then when He was placed in the cool tomb he revived and showed Himself to His disciples. Lastly, we have the brother theory, which says that Jesus had a twin brother who died on the cross instead and Jesus did appear to His disciples. 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Marketing Strategy Cristal Facility Servicesâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Marketing Strategy Cristal Facility Services? Answer: Introduction Cristal Facility Services is a five year old enterprise, but in this very short span of time the company has garnered good reputation and goodwill in the market for the quality of the services that the company provides and in the industry as well. CFS offers multiple services for both commercial and residential cleaning services which are guaranteed to be highly reliable and professional. The company provides assured top quality, dependable and professional services both in the commercial and residential sector for cleaning and maintenance services. A strategic marketing plan is a very crucial and significant step in building the enterprise and making it strive for growth and expansion. Strategic marketing plan is basically the study and organisation of every factor that affects the day to day operations of an enterprise so that the company can be prepared for the competition and any other issues that may come up in the future (Proctor, 2014). A marketing plan concentrates on two major aspects and finds a solution in accordance to the plan: firstly who are the competition that are already there in the industry and also how these competition can will be dealt by the organisation. Secondly, to understand and carefully analyse the factors that affect the day to day proceedings of the organisation; how these factors can be used for the betterment of the companys future (Hendrickson et al., 2016). To understand the target market and to attract the potential customers of a cleaning and maintenance company a comprehensive and informative marketing plan is required. This marketing plan will guide the management of the company to review and answer all the important matters and queries regarding the enterprise (Nykiel, 2016). The plan can also be used as reference point so that the company can use it to execute the marketing strategies as well. Furthermore, a strategic marketing plan assists in the creation of an infrastructure for the purpose of growth and the approach for customised services and products that tend to satisfy customers requests (Smith, 2013). The aim of this report is to submit a comprehensive description about the marketing plan of Cristal Facility Services. Firstly the business environment is going to be discussed in details as the internal and external business environments are the most important criterion that a business organisation has to keep in the mind while taking any kind of decision. Then the target market and the customer base along with the existing client will be mentioned then a competitor analysis is flowed with a SWOT analysis to gather in-depth idea about the market and finally come to a conclusion about the companys future (Jacobson, Cornish Sedaca, 2014). Business Environment Internal environment Analysis Crystal Facility Services Pty Ltd is a cleaning and maintenance company that was established in the year 2012 by Amar Kumar. While studying at the university Mr. Kumar worked part-time cleaning the offices and houses of friends and family to earn quick bucks later he turned his experience of cleaning and maintenance that he had gathered and built it into a company. Currently the enterprise has seventeen staff members and in this term of five years the company has gained goodwill for the high quality performance of the services that the company delivered. The company has been quite successful in building a brand entity n the cleaning and maintenance sector. The goal of the company is to offer all its customers and clients modern and professional quality services in a regular manner (Cheung Pires, 2015). CFS has shown adaptability in terms of accepting and implementing new and innovative technology in the cleaning and the maintenance sector in order to produce high quality services to the clientele. The resources of the company are valued by the management and is always recognized and encouraged for the efforts that they put in their work. They are not only provided with a good working environment and scope of learning in the organisation but also is paid rewards for their efforts and hard work (Kuratko, Hornsby Covin, 2014). Objective of the company Team work and team management is the prime focus and the objective of the company. The management believes that the effort of a team towards achieving a singular goal will help the company drive towards the betterment of the company and the stake holders. The clienteles, resources of the company along with the community is believed to be the fundamental base of the companys growth and success process. Vision and Mission Crystal Facility Services work towards a technically advanced and innovative approach to the cleaning and maintenance sector do that the clients and the customers are offered services they expect form the company. Brand identity Brand identity is the image of the company that is perceived by the customers. It takes years and a lot of strategies for a company to build a brand identity and to maintain that backed by the quality of services provided. But, in just five years of operation time CFS has created a brand identity for the company. The company offers a wide range of services under one umbrella. The centre of concentration of the company is customer satisfaction along with top quality services that is available in the reasonable price (Ketata, Sofka Grimpe, 2015). Product and service portfolio overview The company offers a plethora of services that can be customized as per the clients request. The portfolios of the services are: one time, daily, weekly, monthly based on the customers requirements. The staff and the resources of the company put in a lot of dedication and hard work to provide the clients with premium quality work. Some of the services are commercial cleaning, house cleaning, waste management, emergency response work-flood damage, and pest control along with maintenance services. Internal resources assessment The company is a considerably small set up with just 17 staff members. But the exponential growth and the expanding client base of the company is urging to recruit more employees in the future for the company to be able to manage and to commit to new clients and projects. The financial back up of the company is provided by the capital earned by the operations of the company. It is dependent on the owner, to implement new and improved technologies in to the projects undertaken, investment in assets are required. s it is a small enterprise the companys management and the operation works closely with rest of the staffs. Hence the opportunities, complains and grievances are directly dealt with the management and the employees (Kew Stredwick, 2017). Overview of the marketing mix Product: the product and service that is sold by the company is a cleaning and maintenance service which ranges from cleaning, to maintaining, to pest control and other services etc. Both commercial and residential sectors are clients of the company. Price: the motto of the company is to provide the clients with superior quality services in any sector. The services of the company are backed up by the modern technologies that are adapted by the company. All the facilities that the company offers are at a reasonable rate and hence the company has gained so much positive response in the short period of operation. Place: the company as of now operates in a small location as the scale of operation of the organisation is not much. Hence the place is restricted to nearby offices and houses. But along with growth, expansion is the future prospect of the company (Huang Sarigll, 2014). Promotion: Some of the promotional activities of the company are through the logo which is on the stationery and the uniform of the staff. It helps in spreading the word in the market. Social media and internet is also actively used by the company for promotional purposes. Word of mouth promotion by loyal customers who advocate for the company is also a significant part of the promotion mix of a company that is starting off and is of a small scale (Khan, 2014). External Environment analysis The external environment of a business organisations are the factors that influence directly or indirectly the day to day operations of the organisation. These factors are not under the control of the company and hence these are the factors that should be kept in the minds during taking any important decisions regarding the business or making any policies of the organisation. The PESTN Analysis is used to review and study the present situation of a company in relation to the external environment (Gupta, 2013). PESTN Analysis of the company: Political factors: The Company has a labour intensive sector of operations and hence it is cound by the labour laws of the Australian government. As a small company the operations are not much influenced by the changes in the policies of the government. But a change in the tax slab or the fiscal policies in relation to the buying and selling of technologically advanced products can affect the companys assets and operations. Economic factors: The clients that are targeted by the company are mostly offices and residential areas. The purchasing power and the basic economies of the country is not much effected by the industry as the cleaning and maintenance is a crucial part of living. Because of the clever pricing strategy of the company the economies doesnt have much of an influence in the operations of the business. Socio-cultural factors: The betterment of the community is one of fundamentals of the organisation. The cultural background of the owner of the company dose not has anything to do with the prospect and the development of the company. But the life style of the clients that the company deals with has to be of a sophisticate one because only then they will hire a different company to do the cleaning and maintenance for them. Technological factors: this is an important concern of the business. As mentioned earlier the company believes in innovation of the procedure of workings with the help of new technologies. The cost of technologies and the availability of new technology in the relevant field are encouraged by the company and affects the companys growth and development. A constant research of the technological innovations that can be incorporated in the business should be done by the companys management. Natural environment: the weather of the company is of important concern to the daily business and project commitment of the company. For example: if it is the monsoon season and the rains are unpredictable or there is a flood situation then the commitment is difficult to fulfil by the team because of the weather. Natural disaster or any kind of natural calamities affect every business in the area and the company should have a backup plan to combat such unforeseen circumstances. Customer analysis It is very important for a business organisation to have a set target group of customers who the company wants to attract to increase the business. The target market of the company is the potential client who would like to avail the services that are offered by the company. The customer segmentation can be divided in to four categories: demographic, geographic, behavioural and psychographic (Wilkinson, 2013). Demographic: the management of CFS deals with the people who are in the age group of 27-60 who either own their houses or have an office set up. Or is the owner of a residential complex. Knowing the age group of the target market ensures that the company is promoting in the places that the people form this age group can be communicated and attracted. Geographic: The current place of operation of the company is not very scattered as the scale of the business is small. The location of operation is limited to the reach of the staff in terms of resource and contacts. The present place for operation is in and around Victoria, Melbourne. This gives a window of opportunity and growth for the company to expand in other places as well. Behavioral: The people who are targeted by the company are the ones who have the purchasing power to avail the services. Though the service is priced at a reasonable cost and the portfolio of the project can be customised according to the needs of the clients the urge to spend on cleaning should be there within the customers. This is especially for the residential projects that are taken up by the company. For the office or commercial projects of the business it is important that the clients do not own in-house cleaning staff to do the maintenance work for them (De Keyser, Schepers Konu?, 2015). Psychographic: clean, hygienic, high-maintenance and well-maintained are some of the physiological traits of the potential customers of the company. As pest control is also one of the services offered by the company people who are careful and are protective towards the house and the wooden furniture of the house are also potential clients of the company (Cross, Belich, Rudelius, 2015). Competitor analysis The cleaning and maintenance industry in Australia is gaining a steep rise in demand along with the rise in the standard of living of the people of Australia. There are more and more firms that are coming up with this set up and Crystal Facility Services has a lot of competition in the industry. There are some of the factors that set the company apart from rest of the competition but in the larger picture the scenario is crowded and has stiff competition. Competition in business should be viewed with a positive outlook. It provides the company with an opportunity to learn, grow, and elevate the level of the quality of work. The competition of a company helps the management to develop a strategic plan that will make it different from the others in the market (Tassinari, 2016). Local competition in Melbourne: The top three competitors that are in the Victoria area of Melbourne are: Glitz cleaning, Pure N Bright Melbourne and Oakgem Nominees Pty Ltd T/A Bebrite Services. One of the major setbacks of the organization is that they have a negligible web presence. Since the company has a vision to incorporate new and innovative methods of cleaning, the company should also grow with the trend of having a web presence much like its competitors. A lot of potential customers will be lost because it is a trend among the people to first look up something online and read the reviews the online word of mouth is a very essential part of new business and digital marketing (Fleisher Bensoussan, 2015). The websites of each of these companies give the potential customer a brief descrip The segmentation of the services of these competitor companies is divided in a very strategic and organized way; where as the offerings of the CFS has to be confirmed by the company. The fundamental basis of the competition is in the cleaning industry as it is related to hygiene and cleanliness the clients will expect an image of the company to be like that. Promotions of these companies are also being done by the management and hence they are well known among the potential market of CFS. The unique feature that CFS has to offer is the price point (West, Ford Ibrahim, 2015). Factors and features Crystal Facility Services Glitz cleaning Pure N Bright Melbourne Oakgem Nominees Pty Ltd T/A Bebrite Services Quality 2.5 3 3 2.5 Price 4 3 2 3 Promotion 1 4 3 4 Reach 1 4 4 3 Customizable features 4 3 2.5 3 Figure: Competition comparison matrix The marks have been allotted to each of the companies out of 5. SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis is a quick glance at the current position of the company and the chance it has to grow. It studies both the internal and external factors that are associated with the profile of the business. The strength and the weakness are the internal features of the company that are present in the current scenario whereas the opportunities and the threats deals with the competitors and the external market forces which are not under the direct control of the organization (Ho, 2014). Strength: the biggest strength of the company is the staff and the management, the staff of the company are dedicate resources who are happy with their jobs and are willing to grow with the prospects of the company. As the company is open to use new technological advances in the business this gives them the lot of growing opportunities in the future. Weakness: Promotional strategies of the company are not concrete and hence they is a very less knowledge about the company among the potential customers. This has also limited the reach of the company to a small location. The absence of the web presence is a big setback in this time. People who are the potential customers are tech savvy and hence it is very important to have a website and get registered with mobile apps like urban clap etc (Chen, 2014). Opportunities: Expansion of the company in other localities is a big opportunity for the company. The owner of the company knows about every technicality of the working of the business and hence that gives the company an upper hand over other companies. Window cleaning is an opportunity that the company has not tapped in the services that they offer. Threats: local competition in Victoria are immense and high top three companies who are a direct threat to CFS is Glitz cleaning, Pure N Bright Melbourne and Oakgem Nominees Pty Ltd T/A Bebrite Services along with many others like B L maintenance, Miam Services, Trc Solutions, Linda expert cleaning and many more (Shabanova et al., 2015). Conclusion Considering the company has just opened in 2012, the business is taking off on the positive foot. There are a plenty of opportunity for the company to grow in the next few years provided that the company keeps up with the quality of the service they are providing currently. The staffs and the high quality service at a reasonable price is the unique selling point of the organization and hence it should keep up and strive to provide the clients with better experience. The competition is stuff in the market since there are a lot of cleaning companys in the same location but having said that, Victoria is a densely packed area of Melbourne and there are immense demand for this business as people want to stay in a clean and healthy house, it also elevates the standard of living. Reference list: Chen, K. Y. (2014). Improving importance-performance analysis: The role of the zone of tolerance and competitor performance. The case of Taiwan's hot spring hotels.Tourism Management,40, 260-272. Cheung, R. S. Y., Pires, G. D. (2015). The role of power distance in the application of relationship marketing orientation to the internal business environment.Global Business and Economics Review,17(3), 330-343. Cross, J. C., Belich, T. J., Rudelius, W. (2015). How marketing managers use market segmentation: An exploratory study. InProceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 531-536). Springer, Cham. De Keyser, A., Schepers, J., Konu?, U. (2015). Multichannel customer segmentation: Does the after-sales channel matter? A replication and extension.International Journal of Research in Marketing,32(4), 453-456. Fleisher, C. S., Bensoussan, B. E. (2015).Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press. Gupta, A. (2013). Environmental and pest analysis: An approach to external business environment.Merit Research Journal of Art, Social Science and Humanities,1(2), 13-17. Hendrickson, L., Bucifal, S., Balaguer, A., Hansell, D. (2016). Employment Dynamics of Australian Entrepreneurship: A Management Perspective.Technology Innovation Management Review,6(6). Ho, J. K. K. (2014). Formulation of a systemic PEST analysis for strategic analysis.European academic research,2(5), 6478-6492. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Jacobson, D., Cornish, M., Sedaca, S. (2014). Situational Assessment on Aid for Trade, Public-Private Partnerships and Inclusive Business Opportunities in Australia.Prepared by CARANA Corporation for the Food Systems Innovation Initiative. Report, (0054-20140924). Ketata, I., Sofka, W., Grimpe, C. (2015). The role of internal capabilities and firms' environment for sustainable innovation: evidence for Germany.RD Management,45(1), 60-75. Kew, J., Stredwick, J. (2017).Business environment: managing in a strategic context. Kogan Page Publishers. Khan, M. T. (2014). The concept of'marketing mix'and its elements (a conceptual review paper).International journal of information, business and management,6(2), 95. Kuratko, D. F., Hornsby, J. S., Covin, J. G. (2014). Diagnosing a firm's internal environment for corporate entrepreneurship.Business Horizons,57(1), 37-47. Nykiel, R. A. 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The Effects of Teasing and Name Calling on Children

Introduction The subject of teasing and name-calling of children has in the recent years received a lot of attention with researchers focusing on the impacts of these actions on the child. This attention has risen from the recognition of the negative outcomes that are associated with childhood teasing and name-calling.Advertising We will write a custom thesis sample on The Effects of Teasing and Name Calling on Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These forms of abuse are especially damaging since the child is emotionally vulnerable and therefore prone to traumatisation for life. Storch et al (2004) explain that experiences during childhood years play a major role in the development of a person and they contribute to the future psychosocial well being of the individual. While peer teasing and name-calling is damaging to the child, its impact is increased significantly when the parent or caregiver of the child perpetrates it. This is because these adult figures have responsibility for the child and they are supposed to offer protection and support. This paper will seek to highlight the long-term damages caused to children when they are subjected to name-calling, teasing, belittling, and other forms of verbal aggression by their parents or caregivers. Teasing and Name Calling Teasing is a typical experience throughout the development years of a person and it can play an important role during development. It is a common practice in many households and everyone takes part in it as some point in life. Teasing is a normative behaviour in all relationships and its multifaceted nature makes it very hard to analyze. Keltner et al (1998) underscore this multiplicity of teasing through their observation that â€Å"teasing is paradoxical†¦ criticizes yet compliments, attacks yet makes people closer, humiliates yet expresses affection† (p.1231). This observation is corroborated by Langevin (2000) who rev eals that teasing is ubiquitous; having both positive and negative outcomes. It can have positive outcomes when it is done in sport or mischief and in a playful and fun manner. However, incessant teasing aimed at humiliating a person can have negative effects on their growth and development. Teasing and name-calling by Parents and caregivers is especially detrimental since they have an intimate knowledge of the target of the verbal assault. Storch, et al (2004) observe that being teased about personality has broader consequences later in life than being teased about things like how you look or performance in school. Parents and caregivers are more likely to tease children on their personality in a bid to help socialize them. These teases have lasting effects on the child who is still in his formative years.Advertising Looking for thesis on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Why Parents and Caregivers Tease As has been noted, teasing is regarded as normal behaviour in the society. Most parents and caregivers assume that teasing is healthy for the child. This is because teasing functions as a way of indirectly teaching social norms and values to the child. For example, by teasing a child about sucking on their thumb, an understanding by the child that this behaviour is not acceptable can be promoted. Kowalski (2003) observes that teasing assists in the promotion of social conformity by highlighting behaviour that is perceived as inappropriate within a group. Even so, pervasive teasing and verbal aggression against children has multiple negative implications on their future well-being. Impacts of Childhood Verbal Aggression While most parents and caregivers who engage in teasing and name-calling do not have any malicious intent, their actions have far-reaching consequences on the life of the child. Research indicates that in addition to the immediate impacts of verbal aggression on the child, there are long-term effects that continue to be felt long after the actual teasing and name-calling has stopped. This long term impacts of childhood teasing and name-calling are addressed below. Normalizing Verbal abuse Children are highly impressionable and they ape the behaviour of the adults around them. Because of this, name-calling and teasing has an effect of normalizing bad behaviour by a child in their relationships with family members and other people in the society. Teasing by parents and caregivers sends the message that this is acceptable behaviour. The behaviour can therefore be expected to continue between siblings and even outside the home environment. Victims of childhood verbal abuse are also more likely to continue the same behaviour with their children. Gallagher (1999) observes that parents are likely to use the same parenting techniques used on them by their parents on their children. Their capability as parents will therefore be diminished because of their childhood experience. The normalizing effect of childhood verbal aggression also decreases the chances of the individual forming meaningful relationships as an adult. Weinhold and Barry (2008) explain that because of the repressive system that the child grew up in, they become judgmental people who disapprove of others. The victim of parental teasing and name-calling is likely to develop the same biases that their parents have. This will alienate the childhood teasing victim from other people who will regard them as mean and hurtful. Depression While everybody experiences stress in the cause of their lives, victims of childhood verbal aggression are more predisposed to suffer from higher rates of stress and possible depression. McCabe et al (2003) highlights that there is a relationship between memories of childhood teasing and later psychopathology with teasing experiences being related to increased levels of depression in adulthood. The relationship arises since being teased by an adult ca uses a child to develop a feeling of helplessness.Advertising We will write a custom thesis sample on The Effects of Teasing and Name Calling on Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Childhood teasing makes the child feel vulnerable since they are placed in a difficult situation. By putting the child on the spot, the parent or caregiver makes them experience discomfort. The child is in many instances unable to respond or react favourably to the tease that increases the feeling of vulnerability. This feeling is perpetuated into adulthood where the individual will develop a belief that they have little control over what goes on in their life. McCabe et al (2003) observe that this is the thinking pattern that predisposes a person to depression since they feel helpless regarding the situations they are going through. Depression might also be triggered by social exclusion that the child faces. McCabe et al (2003) notes that childr en who are teased receive â€Å"lower peer ratings of social acceptance and higher peer ratings of social rejection† (p.191). Lack of social support increases the likelihood of stress developing into depression. Low self-esteem Verbal and emotional abuse is harmful for the psychological development of the child. A child who grows up with verbal abuse is constantly rejected by his parents who express disapproval of the child’s behaviour. This has an impact on the child’s self-esteem which is a central factor affecting their psychological functioning. Salmivalli (1999) defines a healthy self-esteem as one that is manifested in â€Å"overall acceptance of oneself as a person and in feeling of worthiness and self-confidence† (p. 1270). Teasing includes some attributes of the individual and these attributes contribute to the overall feeling that the child has concerning their entire self. Weinhold and Barry (2008) observe that rejection and disapproval leads c hildren to develop a negative self-image, low self-esteem, and self-hatred. Verbal abuse conveys the message that the child is worthless, flawed, unloved, and unwanted. As a result, the victimized children generally disapprove of themselves just as their parents and caregivers disapproved of them. Teasing results in lower perception of self-worth by the individual. In most cases, severe teasing is aimed at deriding a person and humiliating them. Most victims of childhood teasing and name-calling attribute these behaviour to their own personal traits or behaviour. Instead of seeing the adult as being responsible for the abuse, the child blames himself or herself for this happening to them.Advertising Looking for thesis on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This results in poor mental functioning since a feeling of inadequacy is developed from an early age. The child will therefore grow up feeling unworthy because of these verbal abuses. Name-calling results in a cognitive change in the victim. The victim begins to believe that the abuses they receive are a true reflection of who they are. For example, if the victim is being called a â€Å"big baby† or â€Å"idiot†, he starts thinking that this must be true, for otherwise the adult would not have said it. Gallagher (1999) states that this results in a gradual but pervasive erosion of self-esteem in the individual as the verbal abuse continues. Anxiety Childhood teasing predisposes a person to anxiety problems in adulthood. Victims of teasing and name-calling experience more anxiety and insecurity compared to their peers who are not subjected to this forms of abuse. Patients at an anxiety disorder clinic were asked to fill a self-report questionnaire on their teasing histo ry and 85% of them responded that they had experienced severe teasing as children (Roth et al. 2002). Perceptions of severe teasing in childhood particularly increase the risk of anxiety in social situations. This is especially the case if the individual experienced pervasive teasing that was meant to demean and degrade him/her in social contexts. Parents sometimes tease their children when they behave in a way that is humiliating or embarrassing. This results in social phobia by the person where they live in fear of being negatively evaluated by the community. Some form of teasing is aimed at an individual’s social behaviour and it results in the person being teased when they act in a certain way. This negative evaluation leads to development of social anxiety. Roth et al (2002) theorize that children who are subjected to verbal abuse learn to view the world as a dangerous place from an early age. They therefore feel the need to always be on alert and this creates an anxiety problem. This anxiety arises since the social situation is viewed as a dangerous situation that might cause failure and subsequent embarrassment for the childhood teasing victim. Teasing causes the child to develop a negative image of their social self. This negative observer-perspective image is informed by the parent or caregiver’s reaction to the child’s behaviour. The child will have doubts concerning their social competencies and will develop a false image of their social self. Hackmann et al. (2000) warns that this flawed social-self image will be activated in future anxiety-provoking situations that will lead to a spike in the anxiety level of the individual. McCabe et al (2003) explains this phenomenon by noting that severe teasing causes the person to associate certain social situations with a particular negative memory. This increases the anxiety of the person in the particular situation. The person will therefore find it hard to deal normally in such situat ions due to the memories of teasing. Attachment difficulties The ability of the individual to form and sustain meaningful relationships is also hampered by childhood verbal abuse. The ability of an individual to form a secure identity directly influences their ability to form healthy relationships in future. Teasing results in feelings of insecurity and low self-esteem by the child. Research by Storch et al (2004) documents those individuals who were subjected to frequent childhood teasing experienced higher levels of loneliness later in life. One of the reasons for this is that intense teasing causes a person to live in fear of negative evaluation. All healthy relationships require a person to open up to others and expose their strengths and fears. Teasing causes the victim to be less friendly and exhibit poor social skills. Kowalski (2003) observes that victims of frequent teasing are guarded and apprehensive about new relationships. This hesitation when entering social relationsh ips is the result of the suspicion with which the victim of teasing has about other people’s intentions. Even when the victim of childhood teasing enters into a relationship, it is doomed to be strained since they remain guarded and are unable to express themselves properly. The individual is likely to avoid social interactions where they might form new relationships. Kowalski (2003) explains this by revealing that most episodes of teasing and name-calling take place in a social context. Childhood teasing increases the discomfort faced by the individual during social interactions and they might seek to reduce the teasing by becoming loners. The victim of intense childhood taunting is also likely to engage in an abuse adult relationship. They may actively seek for condemnation and punishment from other people since they feel that they deserve it. Since verbal abuse was a constant part of their childhood, they will also assume that it is expected in a normal relationship. Keltn er et al (1998) warns that victims of childhood abuse will be more willing to put up with abusive relationships than those who had normal childhoods. Development The childhood phase is very important in the psychological development of the individual. It is during this period that the child is developing beliefs about himself/herself and the world. Personal identity is developed in the context of social relations and the influential theorist, Harry Stack Sullivan, underscores the significance of interpersonal relationships in the formation of the self-identity. Teasing and name calling results in serious psychological consequences for the child facing the verbal abuse. This is because the child’s sense of self, which is developing, is informed by his/her relationship with peers as well as parents and caregivers. Gallagher (1999) states that a positive relationship with adults and peers has a positive impact on the cognitive, social, and language growth of the child. Teasing a nd name-calling have a high likelihood of impeding the psychosocial-emotional development of the child. Verbal aggression has a negative impact on the psychosocial growth of the child. This negative effect can be elaborated by looking at stage 4 of Erickson’s psychosocial development. In this stage, children face the conflict of industry versus inferiority. They focus on mastering important cognitive and social skills and are intent on evaluating their competencies as they engage in social comparison (Sigelman Rider 2008). In this stage, it is important for the children to be encouraged by adults to acquire a sense of industry. The acquisition of a sense of industry rather than one of inferiority will occur if their comparisons are favourable. Verbal abuse encourages inferiority since it makes the child to feel inadequate and inferior. The abuse also highlights what the child cannot do instead of what they can do therefore decreasing their sense of competence. Instead of foc using on the abilities of the child, teasing and name-calling brings to focus deficiency that a child has. Tony Humphreys is another child development scholar who articulates the importance of positive response to a child’s development. He contends that children regard the manner in which their parents treat them as a mirror of what they are (Humphreys 2005). If the parent reacts to them with teases and verbal abuse, the child’s self-esteem will be damaged and they will develop inner conflict. For the child to develop in the best possible way, it is necessary for the child to express love and affection to their young children. If this is done, the child will respond positively and feel secure therefore developing self-confidence. Eating Disorders Teasing might also result in eating disorders and body image issues by the victim in later years. This happens when the teasing suffered was primarily focused on the physical appearance of the victim. Research indicates that t easing about body size or shape will cause the child to develop a negative image concerning their physical attributes. This negative self-image will be imbedded in the child’s mind as the teasing continues. Kowalski (2003) advances that the victim will attempt to alter their appearances in order to wade off teasing. This altering might engage unhealthy eating which causes eating disorders. A study by Eisenberg, and Neumark (2003) demonstrated that weight-based teasing by family members is a risk factor for negative body image as well as disordered eating. This is true since individuals who are teased about their body suffer from lower body satisfaction compared with those not teased. Teasing about body weight leads to an unhealthy expectation of body shape and weight by the victim even through adulthood. Eisenberg and Neumark (2003) highlight that many individuals who are teased about their weight engage in unhealthy weight control practices. These unhealthy practices are com plemented by poor eating habits in an effort to obtain the ideal body shape and weight. Alcohol and Substance Abuse Teasing and name-calling are hurtful experiences and children will look for ways to cope with these abuses. The coping mechanisms employed by a child during the teasing and name-calling episodes may lead to the development of additional symptoms or avoidance strategies in adulthood. Studies indicate that there is a relationship between childhood verbal abuse and chemical dependency. Teasing and name-calling result in emotional abuse to the child. This is because these forms of verbal abuse are characterized by criticism, ridicule, belittling, and faultfinding. The child is made to feel that he/she is not lovable or worthy. From these, a child will end up feeling less than perfect and they might react by looking for escapes. Victims of childhood verbal abuse from parents or caregivers may seek comfort or escape through alcohol. This risk of chemical dependency is height ened by the fact that parents who engage in verbal abuse are have limited engagement with their children and offer little emotional encouragement. Teasing and name-calling is often accompanied by low parental support and a sense of disconnection between the parent or guardian and the child. This lack of concern may cause the child to take up bad habits. McVittie and Best (2009) note that young adults who experienced low parental support were likely to drink and smoke. Life satisfaction Teasing increases the risk of dissatisfaction with life by the victim in future. Life satisfaction is influenced by a number of factors including; self-perception and the quality of relationships that an individual has. As it has been noted in this paper, childhood teasing predisposes a person to having attachment difficulties. He/she finds it hard to form and/or maintain meaningful social relationships with others. In addition to this, teasing will lead to the formation of a negative self-perception and development of low self-esteem. All these issues will negatively influence the life satisfaction of the person. Roth (2002) asserts that a history of teasing and name-calling by parents and caregivers will increase the chances of a person having low life satisfaction in adulthood. In addition to this, teasing a child increases the likelihood of him/her being a victimized in future. Storch, et al. (2004) explains that visible outward reactions such as distress, sadness, and shyness mark out an individual as a target for teasing. Chronic teasing in the childhood years will therefore lead to the development of an anxious and shy personality that will predispose the individual to further teasing during adulthood. Criminal Activity Some forms of verbal aggression can result in future deviant behaviour by the victim. This is especially the case when the child is ostracized for misbehaviour by being labelled a rogue. Plummer (2000) confirms that by labelling the child a crook because m isbehaviour, the child may start viewing himself as actually being one. He is at risk of developing a deviant self-identity since the parent or caregiver has labelled him as such. Plummer (2000) suggests that labelling compelled an individual to become the very thing he/she is perceived to be. This faulty self-identity is reinforced since when the child engages in bad conduct, the name-calling occurs. The victims of child teasing are likely to rebel and since they view themselves as â€Å"bad†, they end up playing out this role. Codependency Teasing conveys the message that someone is only of value if they meet someone else’s needs. This predisposes the child to develop co-dependency in future. Bradshaw (2005) states that childhood verbal aggression can lead to codependency where the child will place their needs below those of others. Since the child grows up believing that they are only valuable if they please other people, they develop a lack of self-belief and seek approval from others. In addition to this, teasing and name-calling make the child feel that they are inferior to others and not worthy of attention. Due to the victimization in childhood, the individual has great risk of becoming dependent on outside sources to validate themselves. Codependency prevents a person from creating a healthy self-identity. The authentic self is ruptured and this leads to a development of a false self. How can we break this cycle? This study on the impact of verbal aggression on children had demonstrated that this behaviour has many negative repercussions on the child. It is therefore necessary for action to be taken to mitigate the occurrence of this counterproductive behaviour. Introduction of laws to protect children from verbal aggression and educating parents on the best way to bring up their children are two possible ways of mitigating this problem. Child Protection Laws Ireland prides itself with having a robust framework of laws that seek to provi de services to children and to produce child protection policies for the specific needs that children may have. These laws are aimed at assisting children to develop into adults under a safe environment and therefore become productive members of the society. Since childhood teasing and name-calling has been recognized as a detrimental practice in the life of the individual, efforts should be made to comprehensively address the issue at the local and state level through policy development. In recognition of the danger that childhood verbal aggression has on the individual, the Irish government should come up with laws that protect children from this form of abuse. Child welfare workers should be taught on how to prevent and respond to verbal aggression against children and if necessary being the case to the attention of the statutory authorities. Child protection legislation in Ireland should be implemented to determine appropriate responses to verbal aggression. At the least, such l egislation would serve as deterrence to parents and care givers who would be liable to civil or criminal charges if they are found guilty of engaging in the practice. Even so, care should be taken to ensure that parents are not prevented from exercising control over their children by the imposition of stringent laws. Informing Parents The nature and quality of the parent-child relationship can either reduce or exacerbate the chances that a child will abuse alcohol, suffer from depression, become depressed, or become delinquent (McVittie Best 2009). It is important that parents adopt the kind of parenting that promotes development and protects the children from future adverse impacts. The most effective parenting styles are already known and the difficulty remains in helping parents to adopt them. McVittie and Best (2009) best articulates this dilemma by stating that the challenges ahead involve findings ways to educate adults with regard to how they can adopt the best parenting sty le for their children. Research indicates that childhood experiences have a huge impact on the emotional development of the child with teasing having a negative impact on their psychological functioning (Storch et al.2004; McCabe et al 2003; Hackmann et al. 2000). Besag (1999) states that name calling is one of the most distressing behaviour that children have to deal with and its damaging effects are often underestimated by the adults. This wrong estimate of the effects of teasing and name-calling makes the parents and caregivers engage in this damaging habit without knowing that they are causing lasting emotional damage on the child. Parenting lessons will help the adult to recognize the potential harm that may result from teasing. Many individuals find the idea of parental education as absurd. This is because of the underlying assumption by majority of the people that good parenting skills are inherent in all parents. It is therefore assumed that all parents will intuitively know the best way to raise their babies. This is not the case and research indicates that good parenting skills do not come naturally in everyone. An important consideration in parenting classes is that they recognize that each parent has autonomy over their children. The classes do not impose any values that are contrary to the parent’s own. Instead, a parent is introduced to effective styles of raising their children. Parental classes will highlight the damage that verbal abuse has on the emotional and psychological wellbeing of the child. The prevalence of childhood teasing by parents and caregivers is attributed to the ignorance of the effect of this behaviour by the parents. Research indicates that many adults underestimate the stress and anguish that children have to deal with because of teasing (Besag 1999). By being made aware of the far-reaching consequences that teasing and name-calling has on the future of their children, it is highly unlikely that the parent will enga ge in this damaging behaviour. Another positive outcome is that the parent and caregiver will be keen to ensure that teasing is not allowed even among the children. The effectiveness of parental classes is high especially if the adult is willing to complete the program. Research shows that parenting classes can have a positive impact on the way in which parents and caregivers interact with children. McVittie Best (2009) report that parents who completed parenting classes on how to become more authoritative reported changes in their behaviour towards this end. Good parenting will result in children who are more academically competent and psychosocially healthy. These children will group up to be productive members of the community who enjoy satisfaction in their lives. While it would be ideal if all parents were involved in good parenting classes, implementing this would be impossible. Any attempts to force parents into such classes would be futile. If these were to happen, parents would either boycott such efforts or attend the classes out of obligation. This would diminish any value that the parents would gain from the classes. Discussion The past decade has witnessed an unprecedented growth in awareness in the subject of childhood teasing and its impacts on the future wellbeing of the individual. So far, researchers have not addressed the issue of teasing, name-calling and other forms of verbal aggression in the context of child protection or abuse since these behaviours are seen as typical in the development years of an individual. However, this paper has explicitly highlighted the negative impact that these practices have on the person. While reactions to childhood teasing and name-calling vary from child to child, research indicates that these experiences are damaging to the future wellbeing of the individual. Studies overwhelmingly supports the idea that teasing causes adverse mental health affects years after the actual teasing has stopped. There are t reatments and supportive services available to help victims of childhood verbal abuse cope with and overcome their conditions. While such services can help overcome the negative self-image developed due to abuse, it would be better to prevent the abuse from taking place in the first place. Proactive measures will avoid the need to address dysfunctional cognitions developed because of teasing and name-calling in one’s childhood years. The paper has also highlighted the common misconception that all parents are naturally equipped with the skills and knowledge to properly raise their children. While some parenting skills are inherent in the individual parent, others are learnt. From the discussions presented in this paper, it is evident that not all parents make use of the best model techniques when bringing up their children. Such parents can therefore benefit greatly from engaging in parenting classes. Conclusion Teasing has both immediate and long-term consequences on the chi ld and this study has focused on the long-term damages caused to children when they are teased or called names by their parents or caregivers. The paper also endeavoured to propose ways through which this detrimental practice can be mitigated or eliminated from our society. It began by noting that teasing and name-calling are common practice in many households. The paper then demonstrated how teasing and name-calling can result in long lasting emotional repercussions on the child. A link has been established between childhood experiences of name-calling and codependent behaviours, low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety in adulthood. Considering the link between childhood teasing and psychosocial disorders in adulthood, this paper has proposed the enactment of laws that protect children from these forms of abuse from their parents and caregivers. The paper has also proposed voluntary educational experience by the parents to help them acquire the best parenting skills. By undertakin g these proactive measures, verbal aggression against children can be overcome and the future well-being of children guaranteed. References Besag, V 1999, Bullying: A practical guide to coping for schools, Longman Group UK Ltd, Essex. Bradshaw, J 2005, Healing the Shame That Binds You, HCI, Boston. Eisenberg, M Neumark D 2003, ‘Associations of Weight-Based Teasing and Emotional Well-being Among Adolescents’, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, vol. 57 no. 8, pp. 733-738. Gallagher, T 1999, Pragmatics of language: clinical practice issues, Singular, San Diego, CA. Hackmann, A Clark, DM McManus, F 2000, ‘Recurrent images and early memories in social phobia’, Behaviour Research and Therapy, vol. 38 no. 2, pp. 601–610. Humphreys, T 2005, Self-Esteem: The Key to Your Child’s Future, NewLeaf, Boston. Keltner, D Young, R Heerey, EA Oemig, C 1998, ‘Teasing in hierarchical and intimate relations’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol . 75 no. 1, pp. 1231-1247. Kowalski, RM 2000, ‘â€Å"I was only kidding!†: Victims’ and perpetrators’ perceptions of teasing’, Personality and Psychology Bulletin, vol. 26 no. 2, pp. 231-241. Langevin, M 2000, Teasing/ Bullying experienced by children who stutter, CICSD, Edmonton, Alberta. McCabe et al 2003, ‘Preliminary Examination of the Relationship Between Anxiety Disorders in Adults and Self- Reported History of Teasing or Bullying Experiences’, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, vol. 32 no. 4, pp. 187–193. McVittie, J Best, A 2009, ‘The Impact of Adierian-Based Parenting Classes on Self-Reported Parental Behavior’, The Journal of Individual Psychology, vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 24-34. Plummer, K 2000, ‘Labelling theory’, Historical, Conceptual, and Theoretical Issues, vol. 1 no. 1, pp. 191-194. Roth, DA Coles, ME Heimberg, RG 2002, ‘The relationship between memories for childhood teasing and anxiety and depression in adulthood’, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, vol. 16 no. 1, pp. 149-164. Salmivalli, C 1999, ‘Self-evaluated, self-esteem, peer-evaluated self-esteem, and defensive egotism as predictors of adolescents’ participation in bullying situations’, PSPB, vol. 25 no. 2, pp. 1268-1278. Sigelman, C Rider, E 2008, Life-Span Human Development, Cengage Learning, NY. Storch, EA et al. 2004, ‘The measurement and impact of childhood teasing in a sample of young adults’, Anxiety Disorders, vol. 18 no. 1, pp. 681–694. Weinhold, J Barry, K 2008, Breaking Free from the Co-Dependency Trap, New World Library, NY. This thesis on The Effects of Teasing and Name Calling on Children was written and submitted by user Niko Bonner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.